一种用于空间群目标分辨的滑动窗轨迹跟踪算法

针对大多数现有的微多普勒分析理论难以解决空间群目标的监测与识别问题,本文提出一种基于提取目标运动特征的弹道中段群目标分辨方法。首先建立了多个具有滑动散射中心的旋转对称目标模型并得到其m-D曲线,在此基础上,利用形态学图像处理方法抑制一维距离像旁瓣,然后提出了一种滑动窗轨迹跟踪的方法分离出各散射点相互交叉的m-D曲线,再对分离结果进行经验模式分解(Empirical-Mode Decomposition, EMD),最后通过提取能够反映目标运动特征的固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function ,IMF),实现了群目标分辨。仿真实验校验了所提方法的可行性和鲁棒性。     

Estimation of ballistic coefficients of low altitude debris objects from historical two line elements

This paper presents a new method for estimating ballistic coefficients (BCs) of low perigee debris objects from their historical two line elements (TLEs). The method uses the drag perturbation equation of the semi-major axis of the orbit. For an object with perigee altitude below 700 km, the variation in the mean semi-major axis derived from the TLE is mainly caused by the atmospheric drag effect, and therefore is used as the source in the estimation of the ballistic coefficient. The method is tested using the GRACE satellites, and a number of debris objects with external ballistic coefficient values, and agreements of about 10% are achieved.     

自由段弹道扰动引力计算的球谐函数极点变换

为提高弹道导弹自由段扰动引力赋值速度,提出了自由段扰动引力计算的球谐函数极点变换一般方法。重点针对轨道动量矩与天球交点为极点及主动段关机点为极点两种情况,推导了考虑侧向偏差和地球旋转修正的扰动引力计算的球谐函数极点变换模型。仿真分析表明:从落点偏差来看,前者扰动引力计算相对误差为1.89%,后者为6.07%,满足诸元和制导精度要求。     

On the effect of considering more realistic particle shape and mass parameters in MMOD risk assessments

One of the primary mission risks tracked in the development of all spacecraft is that due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Both types of particles, especially those larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, contain sufficient kinetic energy due to their combined mass and velocities to cause serious damage to crew members and spacecraft. The process used to assess MMOD risk consists of three elements: environment, damage prediction, and damage tolerance. Orbital debris risk assessments for the Orion vehicle, as well as the Shuttle, Space Station and other satellites use ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that have been developed using high speed impact test data and results from numerical simulations that have used spherical projectiles. However, spheres are not expected to be a common shape for orbital debris; rather, orbital debris fragments might be better represented by other regular or irregular solids. In this paper we examine the general construction of NASA’s current orbital debris (OD) model, explore the potential variations in orbital debris mass and shape that are possible when using particle characteristic length to define particle size (instead of assuming spherical particles), and, considering specifically the Orion vehicle, perform an orbital debris risk sensitivity study taking into account variations in particle mass and shape as noted above. While the results of the work performed for this study are preliminary, they do show that continuing to use aluminum spheres in spacecraft risk assessments could result in an over-design of its MMOD protection systems. In such a case, the spacecraft could be heavier than needed, could cost more than needed, and could cost more to put into orbit than needed. The results obtained in this study also show the need to incorporate effects of mass and shape in mission risk assessment prior to first flight of any spacecraft as well as the need to continue to develop/refine BLEs so that they more accurately reflect the shape and material density variations inherent to the actual debris environment.     

基于复摆模型的多脉冲冲量耦合系数测量方法

在单脉冲冲量测量方法的基础上,增加激光脉冲提取和摆杆控制单元,提出了一种基于复摆模型的多脉冲冲量耦合系数测量方法。分析了多脉冲的两种测量模式及实现流程,解决了数据处理面临的新问题,并对该方法进行了检验,结果表明:所设计的激光脉冲提取和摆杆控制单元满足25Hz频率要求,可实现在40ms内提取多脉冲序列的任意一个脉冲;模拟多脉冲序列下测得两种模式15°锥形喷管的冲量耦合系数为371.0～375.3N/MW,具有很好的一致性。该方法可用于吸气式激光推进的多脉冲性能研究,并作为其他多脉冲研究方法的有效补充。     

弹道导弹的自适应模糊滑模控制研究

对弹道导弹的三通道非线性模型进行了分析,为了实现三通道的解耦设计,简化控制系统结构,将通道间的耦合项和干扰项看作是单个通道的不确定项,从而将非线性模型转化为一种解耦形式.在此基础上,采用自适应模糊滑模控制方法设计了弹道导弹的推力矢量控制系统.自适应模糊滑模控制方法利用自适应模糊控制器来调节滑模控制参数,对不确定项的边界进行估计和补偿,保证了系统的跟踪误差指数地收敛到零.仿真结果表明了该控制方法的有效性.     

基于混沌搜索的三级倒立摆LQ控制器设计

研究利用混沌优化的LQ控制方法对三级倒立摆系统进行闭环控制.首先将混沌变量引入LQ控制器的权矩阵参数域,并进行全局范围内直接寻优,当获得全局近似最优解后,再缩小寻优区间,在次优解附近继续寻优,得到全局最优权矩阵参数.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性和具有良好的抗干扰能力.     

Trajectory prediction of ballistic missiles using Gaussian process error model

Ballistic Missile Trajectory Prediction(BMTP) is critical to air defense systems. Most Trajectory Prediction(TP) methods focus on the coast and reentry phases, in which the Ballistic Missile(BM) trajectories are modeled as ellipses or the state components are propagated by the dynamic integral equations on time scales. In contrast, the boost-phase TP is more challenging because there are many unknown forces acting on the BM in this phase. To tackle this difficult problem, a novel BMTP method by ...     

基于六自由度模型的弹载计算机闭环仿真系统研究

提出了基于导弹六自由度模型,将弹载计算机置于导弹闭环仿真回路,从而构成对弹载计算机进行考核的半实物仿真方法。通过建立导弹六自由度模型,在分析弹载计算机信号接口和软件特点的基础上,对弹载计算机闭环仿真系统的硬件组成和工作原理进行了论述。通过采用高性能的仿真计算机、实时积分算法、智能化接口设备和基于PCI总线的数据通讯方式几个方面,保证了半实物仿真的实时性。     

弹道式再入航天器的烧蚀防热结构设计

介绍弹道式再入航天器烧蚀防热结构设计,文中说明了方案、材料选择、设计和分析计算。最后评价了这种防热结构。